Fermentation of Carbohydrates: Ethanol from Sucrose Essay

Objective: To show a maturation procedure, separate the ethanol created by partial refining, decide the arrangement of the ethanol arrangement recuperated, and make stoichiometric and yield figurings. Methodology: Maturation Weigh out 20.0 g of sucrose and spot it into a 250-mL Erlenmeyer carafe. Include 100 mL of water and delicately shake until all the sucrose has broken down. To this arrangement include 0.60 g of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (K), 1.8 g of sodium phosphate hydrate (Na3PO4ï‚ ·12HO) and 2.0 g of dried baker’s yeast. Overwhelmingly shake the substance to blend them altogether. The Erlenmeyer flagon is fitted with a one-opening elastic plug containing a short bit of glass tubing. Latex tubing (8 - 12 in.) is appended to the glass tubing. An overhand bunch is freely tied in the tubing. The low piece of the circle is loaded up with simply enough water so the entry is blocked, yet gas from the maturing chamber will have the option to push the water off the beaten path and getaway (brewers call this an isolated space). This arrangement rejects air (and oxygen) from the framework (which permits anaerobic oxidation) and forestalls further oxidation (by high-impact oxidation) of the e thanol to acidic corrosive. Name the maturation arrangement with your name and spot the flagon in the hatchery chamber Seclusion by Fractional Distillation Try not to shake the cup; abstain from upsetting the residue on the base! Get your flagon from the hatchery shower or chamber. Cautiously expel the elastic plug from the 250-mL Erlenmeyer jar. Set up a vacuum filtration get together utilizing two 250-mL side-arm channel flagons, a 5.5-cm Buchner pipe (with a Filtervac or neoprene connector), and two lengths (every 12 in.) of vacuum tubing. [N.B. We utilize the subsequent carafe so between the suction apparatus and our channel flagon with the goal that the filtrate won't become tainted if faucet water is gotten back through the hose.] Place a bit of channel paper into the Buchner pipe so it covers all the openings and lies level. Into aâ 250-mL container, place 100 mL of water and one tablespoon of Celite. Mix overwhelmingly and empty the blend into the Buchner channel while the water is running and a vacuum is applied. A flimsy layer of the Celite Filter Aid will shape on the channel paper. Dispose of the water gathered in the chann el flagon. Try not to suck an excessive amount of air through the channel cushion; on the off chance that it dries, it might split and be unusable. Cautiously tap the fluid in the aging carafe over the residue through the Celite Filter Aid, utilizing pull. This strategy traps the little yeast particles in the Celite Filter Aid yet lets through water, ethanol, and some other fluid contaminations. This fluid filtrate will be refined. Acquire a refining arrangement and amass the dish sets for refining. Note the position of the thermometer bulb in the connector take-off to the condenser. Safely cinch the device and condenser, and secure joints with plastic clasps. Utilize a little touch of silicone oil on all the standard-tighten joints as you associate them. Gather the distillate in a graduated chamber. Utilize a round-base refining flagon that will be filled around one-half to twothirds full; a 250-mL round-base jar ought to do. Add 2-3 bubbling stones to the jar. Utilize a warming mantle for the warmth source and a Variac to control the warmth. Your mantle may have a worked in voltage controller. Step by step turn up the warmth until the fluid in the refining cup starts to bubble. As the fumes ascend in the head, you will see fluid consolidating; this ring of condensate will ascend in the segment. Control the setting on the Variac with the goal that the condensate rises gradually through the section and at an even rate. (On the off chance that the rate is excessively quick, the section will flood.) The temperature readings at the refining head will rise; when the temperature comes to (about) 78Â °C, start to gather the fluid that distils. Dispose of any fluid refining before this temperature is reached. Gather fluid refining somewhere in the range of 78 and 90Â °C. Gather 10-15 mL of distillate. Mood killer the warmth source and expel the warming mantle from the refining jar. Gauge a 50-mL recepticle to the closest 0.001 g. With a 10-mL volumetric pipet, move 10 mL of distillate to the measuring utencil (V). Don't pipet with your mouth; utilize a pipet bulb. Recheck the recepticle and fluid (5), and by distinction, decide the heaviness of the distillate. Decide the density,â and by alluding to the diagram, decide the percent sythesis of the ethanol.

Legal, Safety and Regulatory Requirements Essay

This paper analyzes the effect of lawful, wellbeing and the administrative prerequisites of the HR improvement in an association. This angles take a gander at the privileges of the representative and the business and how they are made sure about. This HR procedure influences the legal, prosperity, and overseeing rules inside a business while the benefits of those businesses and laborers are ensured by the U. S. Branch of Labor, Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, and the Department of Homeland Security. The representative related guidelines are to watch the benefits of an organization and laborer. The U. S. Branch of Labor gives association a fantastic powerful setting and decreases work proportions by offering advancement inside the association. The HR territories need to focus on having current principles and rules for pay rates and times worked. Furthermore, HR the board needs to ensure all staff whether United States inhabitants or non-United States aware of any material may conceivably be connected (United States Department of Labor, 2011). As indicated by the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 states it is unlawful to separate a competent individual with an incapacity. The law states it is precluded to respond against a person since the individual grumbled about treachery, documented a claim of segregation, or participate in separation grievance. It expects that businesses decently give the known physical or mental limitations of an in any case skilled individual with an incapacity who is a candidate or representative, except if doing so would compel an undue trouble on the procedure of the employer’s business. The representatives of Department of Homeland Security work perseveringly to save the prosperity and wellbeing of the United States. They work with districts, individuals, and nations to help them plan for and get through from crises. They assess many virtual security proclamations, and segments of insight, proceeding with nonstop correspondence with pros all through the nation to safeguard the United States most significant structures and assets. With the enactment of the Homeland Security Act of 2002, Department Homeland Security Secretary Tom Ridge made a responsibility that the new HR framework would be the consequence of an agreeable and far reaching process including bosses, workers, work associations, and an extensive gathering of members and masters from the Federal division and private association so as to convey the best methods feasible for the representatives of Homeland Security. The last rules regulate to the new HR for Department Homeland Security is proof to that dedication The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission protects all representatives working inside an organization against segregation with respect to age, incapacity, sex, national beginning, shading or race. The HR association needs to remain in understanding by ensuring that all bosses are incredibly able to appropriately relate with workers during the time spent employing, preparing, progressing, and excusing. This law is authorized by a government office, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). This law is spread out into three portions that comprise of e lewd behavior, governmental policy regarding minorities in society, and equivalent chance. These three unique portions affect the HR division, and the work procedure and this office must adhere to the law. These equivalent open door guidelines will ensure a representative is given an equivalent chance while presenting an application or resume for a situation at an association paying little mind to race, age, or sexual orientation. When seeing governmental policy regarding minorities in society this procedure permits an association to recruit people which fit in to a specific gathering of people. The lewd behavior process is placed into the workplace to ensure representatives the two ladies and men are made sure about under both government and state law, inappropriate behavior can be verbal, physical or both, this sort of badgering can't just influence an employee’s workplace, yet more significantly that individual passionate prosperity. Inappropriate behavior can cause a worker to feel awkward coming to work, keeps them from concentrating on their undertakings work, and they can take that enthusiastic pressure home with them. The Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 law makes it unlawful to oppress any individual premise on race, shading, religion, national source, or sex. It additionally makes it unlawful to respond antagonistic to an individual on the grounds that the individual fought about separation, recorded a charge of segregation, or partook in a segregation claim (â€Å"U. S. Equivalent Employment Opportunity Commission†, 2011). This law likewise expresses that directors sensibly give candidates’ and employees’ time to hold strict traditions, aside from if doing so would dispense a superfluous weight on the owner’s association. This likewise goes for the government and work administrations, and work foundations, additionally need to recognize the law. Most of segregation claims guarantee an infringement of this law. With respect to the explanation that, â€Å"Common sense and empathy in the work environment has been supplanted by case. † I look into the definition and it expressed that Common sense is sound handy judgment got as a matter of fact as opposed to examine. Furthermore, empathy is compassion toward the enduring of others, regularly including a craving to help (Encarta 1999). Rules and strategies are set up to guard workers and businesses. By and by, not all methodology and rule are for each representative or boss. Each circumstance is extraordinary and must be approach in an unexpected way; no two individuals are the equivalent. A HR supervisor must have the option to take a gander at these various circumstances and settle on a decision that’s useful for the association representatives. Settling on the correct choices shield the association from claims. The misery of upsetting representatives or conceivable ligation has made HR offices plot rules and methods.

Building Knowledge Maps With MindMeister and G Suite - Focus

Building Knowledge Maps With MindMeister and G Suite - Focus How to Build Collaborative Knowledge Maps Before coming to MeisterLabs I worked as an assistant for a publishing house that due to its stressful working environment had extremely high employee turnover rates. When I first got there, my predecessor had already left. With her she had taken all the knowledge she had acquired over the 3 years that shed been there, from the names of important press contacts to the print  specifications of the books the company was publishing. I spent around 90% of my first  six  months there trying to reconstruct workflows, gather information and rebuild connections an incredible waste of time and resources. Figuring out how stuff works can be an interesting and even exciting  part of your job, but knowing that the information youre looking for has already been found by a colleague or worse, by yourself and simply not been preserved or handed over properly, thats another thing entirely. Preserving Institutional Knowledge Organizations  spend a lot of time developing knowledge, but many of them dont have any sort of system in place to ensure that this knowledge is preserved and accessible for all appropriate team members. This often leads to huge knowledge losses when key employees leave; it complicates the onboarding process of new staff; and it keeps personnel busy with research when they could be concentrating on much more  important tasks. As with all things in life, there are lots of different  ways of curating and preserving institutional knowledge. Some companies set up  simple internal wikis, others employ often expensive  Enterprise Content Management (ECM) systems such as OnBase, DocuShare or Laserfiche. What kind of solution works best for you depends on the size of your organization, the  industry youre in, your budget and a lot of other factors. The system were going to show you is completely cloud-based,  which makes it ideal for remote teams. Its flexible pricing model  makes it a great solution  for both  startups,  non-profits, and larger businesses. And its collaborative, which means all team members can easily access and edit assets, even at the same time. Heres how it works: How to Build Collaborative Knowledge Maps Knowledge maps enable  organizations to tap into their  collective intelligence, build institutional memory, become more efficient, agile and adaptable. They ensure that the knowledge of individuals is easily accessible for other team members as well as preserved for their successors.   To build a collaborative knowledge map, youll need MindMeister as well as G  Suite (formerly Google Apps). MindMeister is where youll create the map(s) the visual structure of your organizations knowledge. The mind map format used in MindMeister is easy to navigate, provides a great  overview and enables  members of your organization to quickly find what theyre looking for. G  Suite is what youll use to create and store the knowledge assets themselves. Using Google Docs, Sheets, Slides and Forms you can create assets and store them directly in the cloud on Google Drive. Instead of physically adding attachments to the branches in your maps, youll simply add links to them which point to the assets that are stored in Google Drive. This way, you can link to an asset from multiple places in the map structure without having to duplicate the asset. This is particularly important for assets that need to be updated from time to time you dont want to have to update the same text document 5 times! So heres how to set this up: Step 1: Sign up for a G Suite account. Be sure to get the special edition for governments and non-profits if it applies to you. Step 2: Visit the G  Suite Marketplace and add MindMeister to your G  Suite. Sign up for MindMeister using your G  Suite login. Step 3: Create a basic folder structure in Google Drive. Creating folders for the different departments of your organization (e.g. marketing, sales, development, design) is generally a good way to get started, but the  structure very much depends on your organization and the types of knowledge assets youll want to store on Drive. Step 4: Start creating and curating assets. Use Googles collaborative apps to create text documents, presentations, forms, spreadsheets and more. You can also upload files created with other tools, such as image  files, videos or audio recordings. Step 5: Create your  master map in MindMeister: Open MindMeister and create a new, blank mind map. This  will serve as the  master (or index) map which provides the user with a starting point for their search. Write the name of your organization in the center of the map, then create branches around the center. This is where youll have to start putting some thought into it, because youll want to make the map structure as intuitive and easy-to-navigate as possible.  Think about the different search scenarios  the users could be faced with. For instance,  they may know what type of asset theyre looking for (e.g. a presentation template), but not know which department it belongs to (design, marketing, sales); they may not know whether the asset theyre looking for exists at all; or they may be starting a new project from scratch and need a whole range of assets for that in the correct order. Thats whats so great about the  mind map format: You can easily create multiple different paths which all lead to the same asset. You can also just paste a  link to a particular asset in multiple locations.  For example, a color palette may be important for graphic designers, but may also be useful for content  marketers. Tip: Provide tips  on how to navigate the map in an extra branch in the master mind map. Step 6: Create your system of sub-maps Each branch in your master mind map can link to a new sub-map, which in turn can link to more sub-maps (or simply link to the assets on Drive). To create a sub-map from a branch, just right-click on the branch and select Tools Create as map This will create a new sub-map and automatically add a  link to it to the branch in your master map. To switch from one map to the other, just click on the chain icon that appears in the branch. Tip: Download our white paper on Solving Your 5 Biggest Business Challenges with G Suite, MindMeister and MeisterTask. Step 7: Fill your sub-maps with knowledge and assets: Each branch (or topic) in a mind map can hold vast amounts of information. Once youve selected a topic, you can use the sidebar on the right to add notes, links, comments, attachments, or tasks to it. Use the notes widget for storing short definitions, terms, or explanations. Use the link widget to link to assets or folders on Google Drive, or link to external websites. Use the comments widget to leave instructions or tips on how to use an attached asset. Use the attachments widget to physically upload files to the map, either from your local hard drive or from Dropbox or Evernote. Use the task widget to assign topics to individuals in order to indicate responsibility. You can assign topics to anyone who was invited to the map via email. Tip: Use color codes, icons and arrows to indicate connections between individual branches, highlight important topics  or create an order (e.g. using number icons). When a  sub-map is finished, it can look something like this: Saving files on Google Drive and linking to them from a mind map is simple. The hard part about successfully creating a knowledge map is to provide a truly intuitive  search experience for the user; to create smart, logical paths; and to decide which assets need to be included in the knowledge map at all. What can be even more difficult is to create a culture of sharing and collaboration in your organization    because the best knowledge library is useless if its not used and maintained correctly. If you need help with this undertaking, consider hiring a professional to set you up. One consultancy that provides collaborative knowledge mapping for organizations is European-based Evoca. Take a look at our case study  where founder Manel Heredero describes how hes currently creating knowledge maps for OuiShare Fests. Building Knowledge Maps With MindMeister and G Suite - Focus How to Build Collaborative Knowledge Maps Before coming to MeisterLabs I worked as an assistant for a publishing house that due to its stressful working environment had extremely high employee turnover rates. When I first got there, my predecessor had already left. With her she had taken all the knowledge she had acquired over the 3 years that shed been there, from the names of important press contacts to the print  specifications of the books the company was publishing. I spent around 90% of my first  six  months there trying to reconstruct workflows, gather information and rebuild connections an incredible waste of time and resources. Figuring out how stuff works can be an interesting and even exciting  part of your job, but knowing that the information youre looking for has already been found by a colleague or worse, by yourself and simply not been preserved or handed over properly, thats another thing entirely. Preserving Institutional Knowledge Organizations  spend a lot of time developing knowledge, but many of them dont have any sort of system in place to ensure that this knowledge is preserved and accessible for all appropriate team members. This often leads to huge knowledge losses when key employees leave; it complicates the onboarding process of new staff; and it keeps personnel busy with research when they could be concentrating on much more  important tasks. As with all things in life, there are lots of different  ways of curating and preserving institutional knowledge. Some companies set up  simple internal wikis, others employ often expensive  Enterprise Content Management (ECM) systems such as OnBase, DocuShare or Laserfiche. What kind of solution works best for you depends on the size of your organization, the  industry youre in, your budget and a lot of other factors. The system were going to show you is completely cloud-based,  which makes it ideal for remote teams. Its flexible pricing model  makes it a great solution  for both  startups,  non-profits, and larger businesses. And its collaborative, which means all team members can easily access and edit assets, even at the same time. Heres how it works: How to Build Collaborative Knowledge Maps Knowledge maps enable  organizations to tap into their  collective intelligence, build institutional memory, become more efficient, agile and adaptable. They ensure that the knowledge of individuals is easily accessible for other team members as well as preserved for their successors.   To build a collaborative knowledge map, youll need MindMeister as well as G  Suite (formerly Google Apps). MindMeister is where youll create the map(s) the visual structure of your organizations knowledge. The mind map format used in MindMeister is easy to navigate, provides a great  overview and enables  members of your organization to quickly find what theyre looking for. G  Suite is what youll use to create and store the knowledge assets themselves. Using Google Docs, Sheets, Slides and Forms you can create assets and store them directly in the cloud on Google Drive. Instead of physically adding attachments to the branches in your maps, youll simply add links to them which point to the assets that are stored in Google Drive. This way, you can link to an asset from multiple places in the map structure without having to duplicate the asset. This is particularly important for assets that need to be updated from time to time you dont want to have to update the same text document 5 times! So heres how to set this up: Step 1: Sign up for a G Suite account. Be sure to get the special edition for governments and non-profits if it applies to you. Step 2: Visit the G  Suite Marketplace and add MindMeister to your G  Suite. Sign up for MindMeister using your G  Suite login. Step 3: Create a basic folder structure in Google Drive. Creating folders for the different departments of your organization (e.g. marketing, sales, development, design) is generally a good way to get started, but the  structure very much depends on your organization and the types of knowledge assets youll want to store on Drive. Step 4: Start creating and curating assets. Use Googles collaborative apps to create text documents, presentations, forms, spreadsheets and more. You can also upload files created with other tools, such as image  files, videos or audio recordings. Step 5: Create your  master map in MindMeister: Open MindMeister and create a new, blank mind map. This  will serve as the  master (or index) map which provides the user with a starting point for their search. Write the name of your organization in the center of the map, then create branches around the center. This is where youll have to start putting some thought into it, because youll want to make the map structure as intuitive and easy-to-navigate as possible.  Think about the different search scenarios  the users could be faced with. For instance,  they may know what type of asset theyre looking for (e.g. a presentation template), but not know which department it belongs to (design, marketing, sales); they may not know whether the asset theyre looking for exists at all; or they may be starting a new project from scratch and need a whole range of assets for that in the correct order. Thats whats so great about the  mind map format: You can easily create multiple different paths which all lead to the same asset. You can also just paste a  link to a particular asset in multiple locations.  For example, a color palette may be important for graphic designers, but may also be useful for content  marketers. Tip: Provide tips  on how to navigate the map in an extra branch in the master mind map. Step 6: Create your system of sub-maps Each branch in your master mind map can link to a new sub-map, which in turn can link to more sub-maps (or simply link to the assets on Drive). To create a sub-map from a branch, just right-click on the branch and select Tools Create as map This will create a new sub-map and automatically add a  link to it to the branch in your master map. To switch from one map to the other, just click on the chain icon that appears in the branch. Tip: Download our white paper on Solving Your 5 Biggest Business Challenges with G Suite, MindMeister and MeisterTask. Step 7: Fill your sub-maps with knowledge and assets: Each branch (or topic) in a mind map can hold vast amounts of information. Once youve selected a topic, you can use the sidebar on the right to add notes, links, comments, attachments, or tasks to it. Use the notes widget for storing short definitions, terms, or explanations. Use the link widget to link to assets or folders on Google Drive, or link to external websites. Use the comments widget to leave instructions or tips on how to use an attached asset. Use the attachments widget to physically upload files to the map, either from your local hard drive or from Dropbox or Evernote. Use the task widget to assign topics to individuals in order to indicate responsibility. You can assign topics to anyone who was invited to the map via email. Tip: Use color codes, icons and arrows to indicate connections between individual branches, highlight important topics  or create an order (e.g. using number icons). When a  sub-map is finished, it can look something like this: Saving files on Google Drive and linking to them from a mind map is simple. The hard part about successfully creating a knowledge map is to provide a truly intuitive  search experience for the user; to create smart, logical paths; and to decide which assets need to be included in the knowledge map at all. What can be even more difficult is to create a culture of sharing and collaboration in your organization    because the best knowledge library is useless if its not used and maintained correctly. If you need help with this undertaking, consider hiring a professional to set you up. One consultancy that provides collaborative knowledge mapping for organizations is European-based Evoca. Take a look at our case study  where founder Manel Heredero describes how hes currently creating knowledge maps for OuiShare Fests.

Flyer vs. Flier How to Choose the Right Word

Often, homonyms have very distinct meanings. Sometimes, it’s a little more complicated. Such is the case of flyer vs. flier, where what term is used is dependent on where you are in the world—and sometimes, there is no right answer. For flyer and flier, any distinctions between them have started to blur, with their main difference being in spelling alone. Both words can refer to handbills or things that fly, and their preferred usage has shifted over time and between country lines.   How to Use Flyer A noun, flyer has a few different definitions. It often refers to a pamphlet or handbill that is used to spread information or advertise something. For example, someone might put up a flyer to advertise their piano lessons, or could pass out a flyer to look for a lost cat.   The term can also refer to something that flies—whether that be a passenger on an airplane, a pilot, or a bird. Less commonly, it can be a tool that twists yarn.   How to Use Flier Technically, you can use the word flier any way you might use flyer. According to the AP Style Guide, there are only a few phrases in which flier is the sole correct answer, like taking a flier on an investment, or when someone is expected to see no return, or a loss, on an investment.   Why do we have two different spellings for the same word? Because at first, they weren’t as interchangeable. This is one of those situations where grammar is dependent on style guidelines and where you were taught the type of English you’re using—what is standard for American English differs from what is standard for British English, but which is standard for either can also depend on the style manual you’re reading. In the past, flier was regarded as the American spelling (you may still see frequent-flier programs advertised), while flyer was the British.   However, that distribution has changed, with flyer becoming the most common preference around the world. Though some may still argue that what you use depends on which side of the pond you’re on, American publications may opt for the British spelling, and vice versa. Unless your writing requires following a specific style manual, then flyer is probably a safe bet.   Interestingly, this switch may be a consequence of strong marketing, rather than strong grammar: many airlines have adopted the use of flyer for their frequent-flyer loyalty programs, which has helped make the spelling more commonplace. AP officially accepted it as the standard in 2017 due to companies like United, Delta, and Southwest continually opting for it over flier.   Examples In each of these examples, you may see flier used in similar ones. Both of these are correct.  Ã‚   She was a regular flyer, and taking plane trips now felt as routine as going for a drive: In this case, flyer is used to describe someone who travels by air.  To raise interest in her ballroom dancing lessons, Janice put up flyers around town, having seen the success of similar ones for a blood drive earlier that week: Here, Janice puts up pamphlets as a way of advertising her business, while the blood drive leaflets informed residents about the event. Katie was a high-flyer, and had already been promoted twice after only a year at the job: High-flyer is a common phrase used to describe someone who is ambitious and successful.After three years as a flyer, Matt was promoted to an international route: Matt worked as a pilot for three years until he was able to start flying an international route.   How to Remember the Difference Considering the main difference is when choosing between flier and flyer to refer to a risky investment, remember that flier has an â€Å"i,† just like investment. Otherwise, unless you’re writing for a specific publication or audience, remembering the difference is no longer that crucial. If you are, consulting the relevant style guide might be best since the right word is dependent on the specific guidelines. Ultimately, the most important thing to keep in mind is to choose one spelling and stick with it throughout your work—when it comes to flier versus flyer, consistency is key.   Sources â€Å"Flier or Flyer?† Quick and Dirty Tips, Grammar Girl, 6 Feb. 2019, www.quickanddirtytips.com/education/grammar/flier-or-flyer.Flyer vs. Flier, www.grammar.com/flyer_vs._flier.â€Å"Flier vs. Flyer: Whats the Difference?† Writing Explained, 28 Mar. 2017, writingexplained.org/flier-vs-flyer-difference.â€Å"Grammarist.† Grammarist, grammarist.com/spelling/flier-flyer/.â€Å"Is It Flier or Flyer?† Grammarly, 16 May 2019, www.grammarly.com/blog/flyer-flier/.

The Early Renaissance Er A Period Of Inventions,...

The early renaissance was a period of inventions, revolutions and daring ‘outside-the-box’ thinking. This period saw an evolution in the world of men, there was a change in how one perceived himself, which influenced ones ideology, resulting in one expanding his mind beyond the capabilities of what an average man during that particular period. This led to a period of fine, intricate and astoundingly produced works, which are now renowned in history. Therefore, the early renaissance era, is in my view possibly one of the most significant and important era, in term of the advancement of how we as individuals perceived ourselves, and how we can influence and play a part in our society and make a meaningful contribution. That is the reason why I chose this topic, it has always been a period that fascinate me. My curiosity for this era lies within finding out what influenced the likes of Brunelleschi, Leonardo and Michelangelo among other to produce these wonderful pieces of works, that has not only withstood the sands of time to become iconic, but also become a source of inspiration, even to this day. In the birth of 15th century Italy was divided into separate states, ruled by different system, monarchy and lords, bringing Italy, including Florence into unstable political governance. That in the wake of all this, brought along a man who became conscious and aware that everything was within his reach, thus bringing forth the birth the early renaissance. â€Å"In the Middle Ages bothShow MoreRelatedInnovators Dna84615 Words   |  339 Pagesthe most important books to come out this year, and one that will remain pivotal reading for years to come.† Chairman and CEO, salesforce.com; author, Behind the Cloud â€Å" e Innovator’s DNA is the ‘how to’ manual to innovation, and to the fresh thinking that is the root of innovation. It has dozens of simple tricks that any person and any team can use today to discover the new ideas that solve the important problems. Buy it now and read it tonight. Tomorrow you will learn more, create more, inspireRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesstrategic evaluation approaches that are used in an attempt to identify and project how well a company is performing have been overwhelmed by the frequency and magnitude of these economic groundswells. In today’s competitive climate, where the changes outside a business exceed the productive changes within a business, a company’s future viability is clearly under enormous stress. To maintain business growth and a sustained economy, it is essential for managers to understand and find solutions for theseRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pages† â€Å"How can I invigorate those who feel outdated and left behind?† â€Å"How do I help the ‘survivors’ of a downsizing pick up the pieces and move on?† â€Å"How do I help people with very different agendas an d philosophies work together, especially during periods of high stress and uncertainty?† Anyone tempted to dismissively argue that the answers to these questions are â€Å"common sense† would do well to recall Will Rogers’ pithy observation: â€Å"Common sense ain t common.† In addition, the research reported in

Fear Debut Albums and Heavy Rock Concert Free Essays

Fear Everyone has a weakness and something they fear; for many it can be the fear of heights or just a simple little spider. Some people may react by crying, shutting down, and acting tough or in rare occasions some might choose to overcome it. It doesn’t matter who you are, or what you have done in life, the truth is that there is nothing that can prepare you for that one moment in life that one fears the most. We will write a custom essay sample on Fear: Debut Albums and Heavy Rock Concert or any similar topic only for you Order Now The sky was gray, there was smoke everywhere, the smell of burning tires, people running and yelling at one another. It was very difficult to comprehend what was going on, and all I could hear was the sound of bells in my ears similar to the ones you hear after leaving a heavy rock concert. I had lost my consciousness for a few seconds and had no idea what just occurred. As my head cleared out I looked around and slowly began to regain my consciousness, there were buildings, a burned vehicle and soldiers laying down to my left. I lay down with the rest of the soldiers and heard my lieutenant calling for help. That’s when I realized we were just ambushed, and there was nothing we could do about it. A simple patrol turned into the worse day possible. Finally, it was quiet for a few seconds and that fear of getting hurt was going through my head. It was one of the worst moments of my life, and the worst part was that there was nothing to do but to stay calm. We all decided to run into an abandoned building to look for cover. Once inside, we began to clear the rooms one by one until we found a secure location. All of us have been out patrolling for hours in the hot desert heat. We were all exhausted, supplies were low and everyone was running on their second wind and to make matters worse our only way of communication was our damaged radios. There was no way to call for backup and our only hope was that somehow our unit back in our base was able to get the message and realized that we were in need of help. Even though we had all been trained for situations like this, there was no way to compare it to the real thing; you don’t think the same and your body won’t respond like it normally does. I’m not going to lie, I was scared; the fear of me dying was there I didn’t show it but it, was there. Even in a stressful situation it’s funny but true that at times like these the non-religious is always praying for something. As the hours went by, there was nothing we can do but wait. It was quiet, and there was really not a way to describe the scene. It was just one of those priceless moments where everyone was weak. In the corner of the room was that tough guy that never went to church on his knees with his hands together silently praying; to his left was one holding a rosary, another soldier looking at his family picture as a tear slowly rolled down his cheek. It was not hard to imagine what he was going through. Others were sitting silently just staring at the wall, and then there was I sitting in the middle of the room holding my rifle close to my chest just like when a mother holds her baby, thinking of all the precious moments I had with my family, all the good times with my friends, everything that I still wanted to accomplish, and the fear of possibly not being able to do any of that anymore. Several hours had gone by, and there was no sign of anyone coming to aid us. Everyone looked at each other and our eyes could tell us the fear we had and our expressions could tell us that hope was running out. Sure we can blame our lieutenant for not listening to us in the first place. I’m sure that if he would’ve done what we told him, we wouldn’t be in this situation, but we couldn’t blame him. It was his first time in combat. He was in a worse situation than most of us, but the truth is that blaming him would only make matters worse. The only thing left to do was just cross our fingers and hope that everything would be fine, but let’s be honest I was scared shitless. Then finally, luck was on our side when one of our convoys was heading our way; we were able to flag it down and finally after a long shitty day a sign of relief was there. We all looked at each other grabbed our gear and headed out. That day was one of the worst days of my life, one that could only be described as the day I discovered and faced my worst fear, the fear of not knowing what was going to happen next or if I was even going to make it out of there alive. â€Å"All men are afraid in battle. The coward is the one who lets his fear overcome his sense of duty† – George S. Patton. How to cite Fear: Debut Albums and Heavy Rock Concert, Essay examples

Poly

Abstract It is projected that poly-substance abuse is the major cause of depression because there are high chances that a depressed individual is a frequent user of poly-substances. Poly-substance abuse forces people to abandon their social roles, which lead to depression. This paper looks at the ways in which poly-substance abuse is related to depression.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Poly-Substance Abuse in Adolescent Males with Depression specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The paper looks at the way in which poly-substance abuse brings about depression in adolescent males. The essay suggests a quantitative study that would be critical in gathering relevant data related to the relationship between depression and drug abuse. In the subsequent section, the proposal suggests a data analysis method that uses statistics Introduction Poly-substance abuse in adolescent males with depression is common in many societies. Winters and Latimer (2004) conducted a study, which established that poly-substance abuse affects all ethnic groups meaning that it does not affect only certain cultural groupings. This quantitative study focuses on the relationship between poly-substance abuse in adolescent males and depression. By definition, poly-substance abuse refers to the patterned intake of a substance (drug) that is usually taken either in large or small quantities. The substance has the ability to affect the behavior and actions of individuals. The substance is usually used illegally using unapproved methods meaning that it would definitely change the attitude of the individual. It should be noted that poly-substance abuse is not restricted to those that change the mood of the individual or those that activate the psychological processes. Athletes are usually reported to using drugs that stimulate their muscles and give them additional energy. This is also considered drug abuse because it change s the functioning of the body and the brain, which affects the psychological processes. Ksir (2002) observed that the use of illicit drugs such as narcotics, stimulants, and depressants are some of the examples of poly-substance abuse. Poly-substance abuse is directly related to depression because those who use drugs are always miserable as compared to non-users of drugs. People suffer emotionally due to the intake of illicit drugs. For instance, athletes are usually snatched their medals due to suspicion of poly-substance abuse. Research gaps in literature, which is related to the relationship between substance abuse and depression, exist. Problem Statement In human life, there are moments that an individual feels confused and sad. This is a normal feeling, but its persistence is considered a sign of depression. Depression occurs when a male adolescent loses something that he values so much in his life. Sometimes, an adolescent could be depressed after going through a stressful eve nt or event.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More At times, depression affects the normal life of the adolescent male because he cannot execute his duties in a way that befits him. This may lead to a psychological disorder referred to as the major depressive disorder (MDD), also referred to as clinical depression. Therefore, there is need of establishing the extent at which poly-substance abuse is related to depression. It is clear that adolescent males engage in poly-substance abuse because of a number of reasons. Depression is the major cause because many feel frustrated to an extent of engaging in poly-substance abuse as a way of reducing stress. Statement of Purpose A number of studies have been conducted to ascertain the relationship between poly-substance abuse and depression. Each study has been focusing on particular groups, depending on the choice of the researcher. In t his proposal, the effects of poly-substance abuse in adolescent males would be evaluated. The main purpose of the proposal is to suggest a relevant method that would achieve desired results. The proposal gives some of the articles that would be critical in understanding the relationship between poly-substance abuse and depression in adolescent males. Apart from suggesting some of the articles in the literature review section, the proposal suggests a quantitative method that will utilize the questionnaires in gathering relevant data. The use of questionnaire enables the researcher to collect adequate information that is relevant to the study. In doing this, the proposal seeks to answer a number of questions, including the following: Is poly-substance abuse the only cause of depression among male adolescents? To what extent does substance abuse influence the behavior of an individual What are some of the substances that the adolescent males frequently abuse Hypothesis Male adolescen ts go through various challenges, one of them being poly-substance abuse, which affects their behavior and mood. Poly-substance abuse is a major cause of depression in adolescent males because it affects their psychological and social processes. This causes depression because the adolescent might not be able to achieve the expected results owing to poly-substance abuse. Literature review Depression is the most crucial aspect that makes young males to indulge in poly-substance abuse. Male adolescents express their depression in various ways. Poly- substance abuse lowers an individual’s level of judgment making him or her to indulge in risky behaviors such as premarital sex or even becoming homosexual an aspect that increases their risk to diseases such as HIV/AIDS among others.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Poly-Substance Abuse in Adolescent Males with Depression specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One of the studies that Boys, Marsden, and Strang conducted in 2000 concluded that poly-substance abuse has a tremendous effect on the life of young males. The study utilized a snowball sampling technique to reach at the conclusion. The respondents noted that some of the commonly abused substances include alcohol, cannabis, and cocaine. The majority of the participants confirmed that they had actually utilized the above substances to fulfill their measured substance use functions. In another study conducted by Huba and Lisa (2000), it was established that poly-substance abuse increases the risk of contracting HIV/AIDS. In their study, young Hispanic males were more likely to abuse poly-substances while the Native American females were prone to poly-substance abuse. Moreover, the study established that those who abuse drugs are likely to engage in unprotected sex, which predisposes them to the risks of contracting HIV. It is noteworthy that their research results are representative of findings in clinical gay-bisexual male adolescents and may not hold for the same group of male adolescents in the general societal setting. Additionally, different ethnic groups exhibit varying frequencies of the involvement of depressed adolescent boys in poly-substance abuse. This was established through a study carried out by Winters and Latimer (2004) in their attempt to find the relationship between Alcohol and other drugs abused in adolescent boys from different ethnic groups in the U.S. Poulin (2004) and other scholars investigated the relationship between depression and poly-substance abuse in male adolescents in the four Atlantic provinces of Canada as far as gender is concerned. Poulin’s sample consisted of 12,771 students in both junior and high schools of the public schools in the four provinces. They found out that adolescent males were consistently at a higher risk of depressive symptoms, depressive disorders since they tend to internalize their problems more than others do. According to their study, the prevalence of very elevated symptoms among male adolescents was 8.6% while that of the males was 2.6%. However, male adolescents are at a greater risk of substance use disorders than the adolescent females. Poulin (2004) found out that different substances are used at different rates among male adolescents with depression. The findings were similar to those of Nolen-Hoeksema’s (2001) who carried out a study to describe how the different genders have different experiences as far as stress in male adolescents is concerned. They identified most of the abused substances among male adolescents. They include alcohol, cigarettes, and cannabis.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They associated the increased use of these substances with an increasing probability of depressive disorder. They also noted that smoking was the least controllable substance among the males. They established that depressive symptoms and disorder are the major predictors of smoking uptake not only in adolescence but also in adulthood. Early onset smoking poses a greater risk for severe depression symptoms than later onset smoking. On the other hand, cannabis abuse was associated with males with had a history of depression disorder. An approximated 16% of those who had used cannabis at least once in their life were diagnosed with depression compared to 6% of the male adolescents who had never used cannabis. They also found out that most of the students had depression symptoms while others already had depression disorder but they had not received much help form the society. Only 10.3% reported that they had received help for depression. Their findings show that for the different level s of depression only 12% of the students with somewhat elevated depressive symptoms had received help so was 22% of the students who had very elevated depressive symptoms. Major depression is one of the most common and serious disorders among male adolescents. The estimated prevalence of the disorder is between 2.8% and 8.2%. Depressed adolescents are highly vulnerable to poly substance abuse such as engagement in multiple illegal activities (Poulin 2004). No study proves that defective genes cause major depressive disorder. However, a relationship between genetic makeup and susceptibility to major depression disorder exits. This is based on the idea that some families are known to commit suicide while others have the ability of handling stress very well. In one of the studies performed on twins, a relationship between genetics and major depression disorder was eminent (Smoller, Sheidley, Tsuang, 2008). It is anticipated that the genetic code will soon link substitutions of persona l bases to an individual’s DNA. So far, at least five studies have proved that the etiology of major depressive disorder is genetic. The studies show that heritability is prevalent in women as compared to men. Moreover, heritability level is high for individuals who are exposed to similar conditions as their parents. Individuals who are exposed to diverse experiences have high chances of suffering from depression as compared to those who live under stable conditions. In the family system, the behavior of parents affect heritability of depression since one of the studies established that an approximated 38% of individuals suffered from depression inherited from their parents (Zeanah, 2009). The study further found out that the behavior of parents, as well as their genes could influence the rate at which an individual suffers from depression. Methodology Sampling This study will obtain its sample from three schools in the United States. Those sampled would be 102 male adolescen ts aged between 14 and 19. A sample of approximately 102 adult males will be recruited for this study. To recruit young adolescents with different levels of depression, the researcher would obtain membership information from community based organizations and the school administration located in the three schools selected for this study. The eligibility criteria would include individuals who are over the age fourteen, but below 19 years, English speakers, adolescent males, and not currently engaging in effective stress management programs. The participants would be recruited through a process of practical mail (Hughes, 1997). Therefore, a convenience sampling technique would be the most applicable sampling method since the participation in the study will be voluntarily. After completion of the baseline assessment, participants will be assigned to a group that demonstrates very frequent poly-substance abuse, frequent depression, and frequent underperformance, indicated by the school a uthorities (Krathwohl, 2004). Assessment/Survey PCL-M will be used in this study. It is a self-report measure, which is easy to use given the fact that it can be completed within a short time. The assessment instrument is so effective when it comes to establishing the emotional states of individuals. The reactions of the respondents would be measured on a Linkert scale whereby scores would be compared with those in the scale (Hunter, Leahey, 2008). The survey instrument will have a number of questions that would be aiming at collecting critical information regarding the emotional states of male poly-substance users. The Linkert scale will run from 0-20, with scores of 10-20 indicting high rate of depression while scores of 0-10 will indicate low depression rates among respondents (Diriwà ¤chter, Valsiner, 2006). Respondents with high depression rates according to the Linkert scale will be cross-examined to establish the factors with relevant correlation to poly-substance abuse. M easures Independent Varibale In this study, young male adolecent’s demographic characteristics such as age and education were identified as the major control varibales. Age is a very important control variable because it helps in explaining the rationality of the response. The level of education plays a critical role in determining the skills and specialization of an individual, which encourages him to engage in poly-substance abuse (Andrzej, Buchaman, 2007). Physical health will be one of other independent variable to be measured in this study, which will be measured using the self-rated health meaning that respondents would be requested to rate their health. Some of the options will include excellent, very good, good, fair, and poor. A model variable will be formed to stand for fair/poor self rated physical health. This model variable will also be included in data analysis. Mental health will be captured using the yes/no question. Dependent Variables Poly-substance use wil l be one of the dependent varibales that the study will be seeking to measure. It is a contnuous varibale consiting of various substabces such as alcohol and other illicit drugs. However, it does not include tobbaco. The variable will be constructed by first dichotomizing substances through reviewing the regularity of use in the last thirty days. These dichotomous measures would then be summed to generate a count of the number of substances abused by the male adolescents over thirty days. The response series for this variable will be from 0-7. Data Analysis Data analysis refers to the process of transforming raw data into refined useful information that can be of use to people. Before settling on a method of data analysis, it is important that a clear data analysis approach be developed. The research can take quantitative, qualitative, or categorical approach. This research took a quantitative approach. Depending on the type and accuracy needed, data analysis can take a simple descr iptive form or a more complex statistical inference. The technique used in the analysis can be univariate analysis, bivariate analysis or multivariate analysis. In selecting the appropriate method, a researcher should ensure that assumptions relating to the method are satisfied. In analyzing the collected data, the researcher will use appropriate statistical data analysis tools such as descriptive and inferential statistics in analyzing quantitative data. In relation to the quantitative analysis, the most commonly used sets of statistics include mean, frequencies, standard deviation, median, and percentages. The researcher will code and enter the quantitative data into Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 20). Using SPSS, the researcher will use cross tabulation to present the information. The tabulation would help give a clear picture of the impact of drug abuse on the psychological health of an individual. The researcher will also use descriptive statistics such a s mean, standard deviation, percentage, and frequencies to describe the properties of the target population. Further, the researcher will use tables, figures, and charts to present the findings of the study. Because the research entails determination of the impact of drug abuse on the emotional wellbeing, there will be some form of comparison. The comparison will be done on how depression changes the attitudes of individuals. Correlation analysis would be important to make this a success. Consequently, chi-square tests would be utilized to evaluate the hypotheses. Inferential statistics like chi-square tests help to test whether the observed relationships between the variables are genuine. The statistical significance level used in the research is 0.05 indicating whether the observed association occurred by chance in 5 out of 100 results. Chi-square is the mainly utilized measure of association in social science investigation, being appropriate for utilization on ostensible, ordinal , hiatus, and relational data. In this study, the hypothesis would be proved through data analysis. It would be prudent to show that a group with very high level of poly-substance abuse has higher level of depression while the group with low level of poly-substance abuse has low level of depression. Data analysis process would follow data assessment and organization of scores. An average score of perceived depression for each group would be provided by calculating the central tendency. In this regard, the mean would be calculated. Moreover, the median would also be calculated just in case there would be outliers in the data collected. Once the results of the central tendency are obtained for each group, the correlations between the frequency of poly-substance abuse and perceived depression level would be obtained. The most common graph used to show the relationship between pairs of data is a scatter plot (Warren, Denley, Atchley, 2008). There would be need to identify the variables in order to create the scatter plot. Therefore, the independent variable in the case of this study would be frequency of poly-substance abuse. The dependent variable is the perceived level of depression. After creating a scatter plot for each group, the researcher would be able to determine whether he follows the positive slope pattern, negative slope pattern, or a straight line. Furthermore, the researcher would measure the strength of a linear relationship by calculating the correlation coefficient (r). In order to compute r, the researcher will utilize the formula NÃŽ £XY – (ÃŽ £X) (ÃŽ £Y) √ ([NÃŽ £X2 – (ÃŽ £X) 2] [NÃŽ £Y2 – (ÃŽ £Y) 2]) or TI -84 Finally, the researcher would determine the statistical significance for the two variables for each group. The level of significance of 5% (0.05) would be used since it is normally utilized in psychology (Warren, Denley, Atchley, 2008). Expected Analysis This study will utilize the questionnaire in collecting information from respondents regarding poly-substance in adolescent males with depression. Analysis is expected to confirm the alternative hypothesis that a positive relationship between poly-substance abuse and depression exist. References Andrzej, A. Buchaman, A. (2007). Organizational Behavior. London: Prentice Hall. Boys, A., Marsden, J., Strang, J. (2000). Understanding reasons for drug use amongst young people: a functional perspective. Health Education Research Journal, 16(4), 457-469. Diriwà ¤chter, R. Valsiner, J. (2006). Quantitative Developmental Research Methods in Their Historical and Epistemological Contexts. FQS, 17(1), 8–26. Huba, G., Lisa, A. (2000). Predicting Substance Abuse among Youth With, or at High Risk for HIV. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 14(2), 197-205. Hughes, J. (1997). The philosophy of social research (3rded.). London: Longman. Hunter, L. Leahey, E (2008). Collaborative Research in Sociology: Trends and Contributing Factors. American Sociologist, 39(1), 290–306. Krathwohl, D. (2004). Methods of educational and social science research: an integrated approach (2nd ed.). Long Grove, Waveland Press. Ksir, O. (2002). Drugs, society, and human behavior (9th ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2001). Gender Differences in Depression. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 10(5), 173-176 Poulin, C. (2004). Gender Differences in the Association between Substance Use and Elevated Depressive Symptoms in General Adolescent Population. Addiction, 100(1), 525-535. Smoller, J. W., Sheidley, B. R., Tsuang, M. T. (2008). Psychiatric genetics: Applications in clinical practice. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publication. Warren, C., Denley, K. Atchley, E. (2008). Beginning statistics. Charleston, SC: Hawkes Learning Systems. Winters, K.C., Latimer, W.W. (2004). Measuring Adolescent Drug Abuse and Psychosocial Factors in Four Ethnic Groups of Drug-Abusing Boys. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharm acology, 12(4), 227-236. Zeanah, C. H. (2009). Handbook of infant mental health. New York: Guilford Press. This research paper on Poly-Substance Abuse in Adolescent Males with Depression was written and submitted by user Jaydin J. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.